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70,000 BC The first evidence
of human settlement.
28,000 BC An advanced Stone Age culture in South Moravia creates
the Venus of Vestonice, one of the world oldest ceramic artifacts.
4th century BC Celts settle in Bohemia.
1st century AD German tribes settle.
5th century Slavonic tribes drive out the Germans and settle.
623 - 658 The Frankish merchant Samo unites Slavonic tribes,
his army drives out Frankish invaders. Samo's Empire dissolves
after his death.
830 - 907 The Great Moravian Empire is formed. According to
legend, Pøemysl and Libu found the new Czech dynasty, the Pkmyslids.
Christianity is introduced by Byzantine missionaries Cyril and
Methodius.
Towards the end of the 9th century, the foundations are laid
for the first Czech state.
924 Prince Wenceslas I (Václav I or St.Wenceslas) rules the
Czech lands until his murder in 935.
1029 Prince B unified Bohemia and Moravia under his rule.
1063 The first bishopric is established in Olomouc.
11th and 12th centuries The first evidence of Czech language
in written texts.
1212 The Golden Bull of Sicily, issued by Emperor Friedrich
II, gives the Czech state the status of a hereditary kingdom.
1306 King Wenceslas III (Václav III) murdered in Olomouc. The
end of the Piemyslid dynasty.
1316 Charles IV (Karel IV) born in Prague.
1344 Archbishopric established in Prague, Arno of Pardubice
becomes the first Archbishop.
1346 Charles IV becomes Czech King.
1348 Charles University, the first university in Central Europe,
opens in Prague.
1355 Pope Innocent VI crowns Charles IV Emperor of Rome, Prague
becomes capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
ca 1400 Charles's son Wenceslas IV (Václav IV) is criticised
by the Czech preacher JoIm Huss (Jan Hus) who calls for a major
reform of the church.
1415 John Huss is burned as a heretic in Constanz (today Germany).
1419 - 1437 Hussite rebellion led by commander Jan i against
the ruling class and against the Germanisation of the Czech
lands.
1458 - 1471 George (Jiri) of Podebrady is the last ruler of
Czech nationality.
1526 Ferdinand I of Habsburg is elected Czech King. The Habsburgs
rule Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia until 1918.
1583 Emperor Rudolf II moves his residence from Vienna to Prague,
boosting the city's cultural and architectural development.
1618 Angry citizens throw imperial administrators from the windows
of the royal palace, sparking the Thirty Year's War (1618 -
1648). The time that followed is also known as "The Age
of Darkness", because the Czech language and culture as
well as the reformed church were suppressed.
1St half of the 18th century The highlights of Baroque architecture
were built in the Czech lands and Slovakia.
1781 - late 19th century The national revival movement. Leading
Czech writers and scientists call for the restoration of Czech
culture and literature written in Czech. Czech patriots demand
autonomy for the Czech lands within the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Similar demands come from Slovakia.
1918 Czechoslovakia is established as a common state of Czechs
and Slovaks. Toniá G.Masaryk elected first President.
1938 As a result of the Munich Pact, Czechoslovakia loses parts
of the Czech lands to Germany. Slovakia becomes an autonomous
state ruled by fascists.
1939 - 1945 The Czech lands - Bohemia and Moravia - are occupied
by Nazi Germany.
May 1945 Prague is liberated by the Red Army. The western Allies
liberate West Bohemia, as far as the demarcation line agreed
with the Russians.
1948 In a free election, the Communist Party receives 38 percent
of the vote, and the country becomes a socialist republic.
1968 Warsaw Pact tanks crush "Prague Spring", an attempt
to reform Communism, led by Alexander Dub
1977 The civil rights group Charter 77 is established.
1989 The "Velvet Revolution" overthrows communist
rule. Václav Havel is elected President.
1993 Following Slovakia's calls for independence, Czechoslovakia
splits up into two separate states, the Czech Republic and the
Slovak Republic on January 1.
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